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Lost wax casting has been around for thousands of years, yet few people understand how the process actually works.
1.The Rubber Mold First the artist creates an original sculpture out of any number of media, including stone, wax, clay, wood and pottery.
2.The Wax Positive Once the molds are done, the insides are coated with layers of wax. The halves are then bound together and wax poured inside to complete the wax image being created.
3.Gating The next step, "gating", is the application of a series of tubes and funnels that allow the molten bronze to flow through to the bottom of the ceramic shell and the hot gases to escape at the same time.
4.Ceramic Shell Casting After the gating is completed each wax form is dipped in a liquid ceramic silica-sand compound so it is completely coated inside and out. Holes called "patches" have been cut into the wax to allow an entrance to the inside of the form.
5.Lost Wax Once these ceramic shells have dried thoroughly the pieces are placed into an autoclave and the wax is melted out (hence the term "lost wax"), to be reclaimed and used again. The shells are then cured in a kiln so they will withstand the temperature of the molten bronze being poured into them.
6.The Pour Bronze ingots are melted to a temperature of approximately 2000°F and poured into the cured ceramic shells.
7.Sandblasting The casting is then sandblasted in preparation for metal finishing.
8.Texturing Finally, any texturing that was lost or damaged in the casting or welding process is recreated.
9.Patinas The different colored finishes that are possible on cast bronze sculptures are called patina's.